Features:

AC/DC Compatibility: Runs on both AC and DC power.

Series-Wound Design: Armature and field coils in series for high torque.

High Speed (Up to 30,000+ RPM): Ideal for fast operation.

Compact & Lightweight: Simple construction with brushes and commutator.

Performance:

High Starting Torque: Strong power at low speeds.

Variable Speed Control: Adjustable via voltage or PWM.

Moderate Efficiency (50–70%): Lower than BLDC but cost-effective.

Louder Operation: Due to brush/commutator friction.

Advantages:

✔ Works on AC or DC – Flexible power supply.

✔ Low Cost – Simple design, affordable production.

✔ High Power-to-Size Ratio – Compact yet powerful.

✔ Easy Speed Control – Adjustable for different loads.

Applications:

Home Appliances: Vacuum cleaners, blenders, sewing machines.

Power Tools: Drills, grinders, circular saws.

Small Machinery: Food processors, pumps, portable fans.

Conclusion:

Universal motors offer versatility, affordability, and high-speed performance, making them ideal for household and light industrial tools. However, they have shorter lifespans due to brush wear and are less efficient than brushless alternatives.