Features:
AC/DC Compatibility: Runs on both AC and DC power.
Series-Wound Design: Armature and field coils in series for high torque.
High Speed (Up to 30,000+ RPM): Ideal for fast operation.
Compact & Lightweight: Simple construction with brushes and commutator.
Performance:
High Starting Torque: Strong power at low speeds.
Variable Speed Control: Adjustable via voltage or PWM.
Moderate Efficiency (50–70%): Lower than BLDC but cost-effective.
Louder Operation: Due to brush/commutator friction.
Advantages:
✔ Works on AC or DC – Flexible power supply.
✔ Low Cost – Simple design, affordable production.
✔ High Power-to-Size Ratio – Compact yet powerful.
✔ Easy Speed Control – Adjustable for different loads.
Applications:
Home Appliances: Vacuum cleaners, blenders, sewing machines.
Power Tools: Drills, grinders, circular saws.
Small Machinery: Food processors, pumps, portable fans.
Conclusion:
Universal motors offer versatility, affordability, and high-speed performance, making them ideal for household and light industrial tools. However, they have shorter lifespans due to brush wear and are less efficient than brushless alternatives.